Critical Curiosity
to explore the ethical dimensions of utilising emerging technologies.
I am driven by
Intro
This portfolio represents a journey driven by curiosity, growth, and commitment to exploring the ethical aspects of inventions. It encompasses my development from humble beginnings to valuable learning experiences, showcasing my time at the TU/e and shining a spotlight on my latest project and future aspirations in chronological order split up in semesters.
VISION
I believe we reside in an increasingly transhumanistic world where technology progresses rapidly and becomes more integrated into our daily lives, materialising more and more science fiction scenarios. Though some are more appealing than others, these imagined scenarios often aim to raise questions about future technologies and prompt us to contemplate the accompanying risks and opportunities.
These technological opportunities captivate our interests and motivate us to invent them, but they can also have many unexpected impacts on the way we see the world. Verbeek's 2008 analysis of ultrasound serves as a compelling example that inspired me [1]. Ultrasound revolutionised reproductive healthcare, allowing us to observe the inner workings of the womb for the first time. Ultrasound allows the unborn to be visually presented as a person while the obstetricians office and the attempt to βdetect defectsβ with ultrasound transform pregnancy into a medical process. Previously, this experience belonged solely between mothers and their unborn baby, but now, technology mediated this phenomenon into processes that are not recognised and were not contemplated when it was introduced.
I want to clarify that I am not arguing against Ultra Sound. Rather, I emphasise the importance of reflecting on these changes as we introduce and utilise problem-solving technologies in our lives, much like science fiction does. By asking crucial questionsβhow do these technologies shape our lives, are the issues they address genuinely problematic, should we rely on technological solutionsβwe can determine the most effective approach to ensure a positive impact on our lives. Throughout my time at the TU/e, I have devoted significant thought to technologies, assessing which ones bring me joy, enhance my existence, and intentionally avoiding those that fail to improve my life experiences. I firmly believe that this discernment will hold even greater significance in our transhumanistic future.
[1] Verbeek, P.-P. (2008). Obstetric Ultrasound and the Technological Mediation of Morality: A Postphenomenological Analysis. Human Studies, 31(1), 11β26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10746-007-9079-0
IDENTITY
I approach new and emerging technologies with a critical curiosity, immersing myself in the realm of excitement and concerns surrounding these advancements. Given the rapid development of incredible inventions, it is crucial for us to enhance our ability to comprehend and discuss the complex impacts and consequences they entail. Starting with an exploration of academic research, I strive to identify relevant questions and communicate them visually through imaginative future scenarios.
Adopting an open-minded perspective when approaching upcoming inventions, I aim to consider various viewpoints and attitudes, seeking to understand different perspectives and anticipate potential limitations. By utilising storytelling and speculative design, I create interactive and engaging experiences that encourage contemplation and dialogue about intricate and abstract inquiries. By contextualising and visualising potential futures through drawings and demonstrators, I extend the reach of academic thinking to the public, providing a tangible foundation for discussions.
Ideally, I collaborate closely with academics and thinkers from diverse backgrounds to continually gain insights, receive critical feedback, and collectively advance the exploration process. While verbal presentation may not be my strongest skill, I believe that I am capable of achieving even greater impact through the use of my demonstrators and prototypes, enabling me to contribute to a shared understanding of how we wish to harness forthcoming inventions.
S0
Motivation for the Masters
As someone who has always been passionate about creating, designing, and prototyping, I believed that Industrial Design would be a perfect fit for me, as it allowed me to immerse myself in the cutting-edge and thrilling world of technology. Indeed, this turned out to be the case as I eagerly embraced the challenges of my first Final Bachelor's Project. Unfortunately, despite the promising opportunity it presented, I experienced a significant setback due to my inability to find personal meaning in the work I was undertaking. It was during this project that I realised my motivation lay elsewhere.
Fortunately, my second Final Bachelor's Project provided the fulfilment I sought. Through this project, I could effectively apply my prototyping skills, speculative thinking, and mechanical understanding to contribute to the emerging Artificial Womb project group . However, as the project progressed, I developed an increasingly profound interest in the ethical implications associated with this field. It felt surreal to be actively involved in the development of such a groundbreaking technology, it felt important and meaningful.
Consequently, I made the decision to pursue a Master's degree, seizing the opportunity to delve deeper into the ethical aspects of design and explore how I could leverage my well-honed prototyping skills acquired during my Bachelor's studies to contribute in this domain.
[2] Perinatal Life Support. (2021, 28. July). Perinatal Life Support - Integration of Enabling Technologies for Clinical Translation; Perinatal Life Support. https://perinatallifesupport.eu/
S1
Post Phenomenology
The first exposure to a deeper understanding of the impacts of technology was during the first semester, specifically during the course Design for Social Innovation. We had to read a paper titled Politicizing Postphenomenology written by Verbeek which was my first encounter with this way of thinking. Although incredibly difficult to read at the time it opened my eyes in ways that I had not consciously done so before. I knew technology changes our lives and behaviours, I knew it can be designed to change our behaviours, but I never realised the extend to which this could be done.
Later I would see the remanence of the extend during my Literature Review and Benchmarking assignment on Dark Patterns in Game Design [4]. During which I realised the malicious theories and patterns present is most of the most popular games. The normalisation of these patterns to be used and especially to blame personal lack of discipline as the cause of bad outcomes rather than the dark patterns. It frustrated me and motivated me to explore these patterns around me in my own life and to consciously oppose them whenever possible.
[3] Verbeek, P.-P. (2020). Politicizing Postphenomenology. In G. Miller & A. Shew (Eds.), Reimagining Philosophy and Technology, Reinventing Ihde (pp. 141β155). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35967-6_9
[4] Zagal, J. P., BjΓΆrk, S. & Lewis, C. (2013). Dark Patterns in the Design of Games. Foundations of Digital Games 2013, Chania, Crete, Greece. http://soda.swedish-ict.se/5552/
S2
Speculative Design
During the second semester, I enrolled in the course Creativity and Aesthetics of Data and AI. Once again, I encountered the work of Verbeek, but this time I focused on his Mediation Theory, which was interpreted by van Dongen through the lens of material aesthetics and fashion [5]. The concept that our human experience of the world is heavily mediated by technology from the moment of our birth struck me as both incredible and sorrowful. It became evident that this mediation is likely to increase as more technologies become integral parts of our daily lives, potentially leading to a future where we lose touch with the true essence of the world.
Furthermore, this course introduced me to speculative design, which I had never conducted myself before. Through a group assignment, we combined human values and generative models to create Iden [6], a fictional company offering services that utilise wearable tags enabling individuals to transform their digital identities into anonymous ones using deep fake technology. Through the use of videos and props, we were able to depict this imagined future and present potential scenarios. Engaging in this process was immensely insightful, and it made me realise the profound impact that visuals and contexts have on communication and understanding.
[5] van Dongen, P. L. (2019). A Designerβs Material Aesthetics Reflections On Fashion And Technology. Technische Universiteit Eindhoven.
[6] Research to Privacy in the hybrid space. (n.d.). Bolluijt, B. J. W. ; de Jong, B. D. ; de Langen, L. J. ; Pilaet, T. H. M. Retrieved June 20, 2023, from https://iden-ai.nl/
S3
Research Project
Inspired by the work conducted in the field of Creativity and Aesthetics of Data and AI, as well as similar group projects on Research Methods, I embarked on my M1.2 Research Project titled "NIA-16 Brain Computer Interface (BCI) Technology" [7]. My aim was to employ a speculative design method to explore the experiences associated with emerging invasive BCIs, a topic that aligned with both my interest in medical technologies and the Artifice squad.
Drawing from the principles of transhumanism and the quantified self, I designed and visualised a diegetic artifact that depicted a potential future utilising commercially available BCI devices. This artifact served as a foundation for conducting focus groups, where we delved into the possibilities, risks, and societal consequences of such a future. Through the analysis of these focus groups, six distinct user cases emerged, highlighting diverse values and concerns related to the emergence of BCI technologies.
Throughout this project, I observed stark variations in attitudes, worries, and desires among the participants, underscoring the challenge of creating a technology that caters to the preferences of everyone. I found it fascinating to synthesise the information gathered from papers, speculations, and focus groups into visually appealing infographics. Moreover, I took the opportunity to transform this knowledge into concise, impactful short stories, which effectively communicated the insights I had gained.
S4
M2.1 and Team HART
In my M2.1, I revisited the concept of the artificial womb, which had been my intention since the end of my bachelor's degree [8]. I wanted to delve deeper into this topic and apply the newly acquired skills to my project. To begin, I conducted a thorough literature review of the advancements made since the lamb study. This exploration uncovered several ethical concerns and intriguing questions that would be valuable to research among the general public.
However, I encountered difficulty when attempting to explain the intricacies of the technology and its capabilities to others. Recognising this challenge, I saw an opportunity to combine storytelling with the ethical inquiries, creating a narrative that would illustrate the very early applications of artificial womb technology.
Additionally, due to the sensitive nature of the topic, constructing a demonstrator presented its own set of challenges. I aimed to communicate my scenario and thought-provoking questions while also gathering data on people's opinions. I found that a soft and natural-looking design, juxtaposed with impactful representations of the reality of the topic, facilitated engaging conversations with visitors about artificial womb technology.
This semester, I had the opportunity to join the student team HART [9], which allowed me to expand my understanding of transhumanism and engage in the design process of a new version of the sleeve. For this team, I incorporated more advanced manufacturing techniques, including silicone molds and PCB design.
S5
Philosophy and Ethics
Although I thoroughly enjoyed the demoday, where I had the chance to engage with a diverse range of visitors, there were a few questions that delved into the realm of philosophy. This intrigued me, as it was an area I had not consciously explored before. Consequently, I made the decision to postpone my Final Master Project in order to pursue additional courses in Philosophy and Ethics, while also dedicating more time to my involvement with team HART.
I enrolled in the two mandatory courses for the Philosophy and Ethics certificate, along with the course Perspectives on Medical Technology. It was truly enlightening to participate in these courses, as they provided me with the opportunity to examine technology through the lenses of philosophy and ethics. I gained a more comprehensive understanding of these subjects. In particular, the course on medical technology shed light on the intricate nature of emerging medical technological advancements and the challenging ethical dilemmas they present. For instance, the question of the right to life, which holds significant relevance in the context of artificial womb technology, forces us to consider whether this argument alone justifies the pursuit of such technology.
[10] Filosofie (MSc). (n.d.). Retrieved June 21, 2023, from https://studiegids.tue.nl/opleidingen/certificaatprogrammas/filosofie-msc
S6
Final Master Project
Finally, the time has come for my Final Master's Project! This is where everything falls into place. After completing M2.1, my initial plan was to delve into the fetus' experience in the artificial womb and the lack of discussion regarding the desired outcome. While I still believe that issue deserves more attention, I decided to shift my focus. During the early stages of my project, it became evident that there was a more significant opportunity in the academic realm, one that aligned perfectly with my interests in speculation and design roadmaps.
This project has provided an incredible chance for me to apply the skills I have developed throughout my previous projects and courses. I have successfully incorporated new technologies, such as Stable Diffusion, into my process, all the while deepening my connection with the academic community and taking my demonstrator to new heights. This approach and work align with my strengths in making and designing, as well as my critical curiosity improved with a recently acquired philosophical perspective. It necessitates creativity to bring all the elements together in an aesthetically representative exposition.
Final Reflection
So, did I achieve my original learning objectives? I firmly believe I did, and much more. Transitioning from a more conventional approach during my bachelor's studies, I was able to delve deeper into the ethical dimensions of design and technology in S1. In S2 I learned how to speculate and envision alternative futures, designing speculative pathways for technology. I discovered how to connect these transformations with practical or contextual scenarios in my M1.2 research project, utilising diverse perspectives and attitudes towards them. Finally when returning to the artificial womb topic, I refined the skill of crafting coherent narratives and stories presented within appropriate contexts and aesthetics, effectively addressing the pertinent ethical and moral dilemmas posed by emerging technologies.
I consider this process and my work as a means to contribute to the field of ethics through design, acting as a translator between academia, engineering, and the general public. While my FMP serves as a tangible demonstration of what this process and contribution can look like in the context of artificial womb technology, I firmly believe that a similar approach can be applied to other medical and transhumanistic technologies as well.
Future Plans
Moving forward, I am determined to deepen my exploration of the ethical implications surrounding forthcoming artificial womb technology. I aspire to serve as a bridge between academia, engineering, and the general public, effectively communicating and translating complex concepts through digital platforms and exhibitions. By fostering multidisciplinary collaborations with academics, engineers, and the public, I aim to expand the scope of my FMP and also address blindspots of other perspectives.
Continuing the discussion on this topic is of utmost importance in order to shape our collective morals and values, ensuring a desirable future outcome. To broaden the impact of this discourse, I am dedicated to working towards participation in the DDW (Dutch Design Week) to reach a wider audience and establish meaningful connections with like-minded individuals who share my passion and vision. Through these endeavours, I aim to foster a greater understanding and awareness of the ethical dimensions surrounding artificial womb technology, ultimately contributing to an informed and responsible future.
Expertise Areas
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I associate Creativity and Aesthetics with the ability to effectively utilise visualisations, designs, and contextualisation to compellingly convey the aesthetics of a problem or idea. In my work, I believe that this skill involves designing a demonstrator or presentation that delves into the profound and intricate aspects of a subject. It should not only illustrate superficial details and emotions but also incorporate underlying motivations and unexpected influences. Moreover, it should do so in a manner that is comprehensible to individuals with diverse perspectives and backgrounds.
Utilising various creative design methods, such as speculative design, contextualisation, personas, and storytelling, allows me to explore and organise complexities. By acquiring a deeper understanding of a topic or ethical dilemma, I can speculate and design artifacts, context, and visualisations that portray the underlying motivations and values. Incorporating this additional layer into my work and demonstrator empowers me to capture the aesthetics of a complex ethical emerging technology and its potential impact on our lives.
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As someone born in the 90s, I have witnessed only a few years without the internet and constant mobile phones. It is evident to me that children today experience an entirely different world, one that is predominantly digital. While I appreciate having access to a wealth of knowledge at my fingertips, I also recognise the significant impact this is having on our society and way of life. I contemplate these changes and strive to explore the various ways technology influences our lives. I do this by immersing myself in different technological experiences, critically analysing these changes, and being conscious of how I choose to incorporate them into my life.
I firmly believe that as technology continues to evolve at an accelerated pace, the importance of understanding and shaping its impact becomes paramount. The is exactly what User and Society is about as it directly addresses these concerns. How do we want to utilise the technologies we invent? How can we grasp the intricate influence they exert on our lives, considering the diverse range of people involved? By examining and scrutinising these emerging technologies from multiple perspectives and philosophical frameworks, I gain valuable insights into the challenging questions that lie ahead.
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Of course you can have many ideas and concepts of to your disposal, but to actually make this a reality is another thing. However, this is definitely my wheelhouse. I love thinking about how to realise things using different materials, methods and techniques. Working at a prototyping hub like Innovation Space allowed me to experiment with a variety of rapid prototyping machines such as a variety of 3D printing, lasercutting and electronics.
When you understand a field and the problem you want to work on, and you have been able to figure out how to design and shape the aesthetics that addresses this problem, the next step is to figure out how to actually realise this professionally and sufficiently realistic to allow the audience to interact with the ideas and problems without being distracted by a amateur looking realisation. Of course this style does have a niche too, which, especially in design, can be used to invoke critical early stage feedback. To conclude, technology and realisation for me is to have and use the skills of making to realise the concepts and designs that you have sketched out on paper.
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Business and Entrepreneurship serve as a bridge between the realm of education and the practical world, allowing individuals to connect with like-minded individuals and generate value for society. However, the niche I operate in does not currently thrive as a lucrative business and heavily relies on government funding or educational interests. Both my FBP and MFP have made it evident that there is a demand for designers to visualise and depict the ideas conceived by researchers. There is undoubtedly public interest in discussing these ideas, and the field itself demonstrates enthusiasm for speculating and bringing imagined futures to fruition. Nonetheless, since there is currently no tangible proof of concept, securing support from any entity becomes extremely challenging. Despite this obstacle, the convergence of these diverse interests indicates a potential avenue for further development. I aspire to connect with individuals interested in funding such business ideas, whether through events like DDW or by collaborating with renowned researchers and publishing our work.
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Although I have a strong aversion to coding, I find the knowledge derived from user data to be incredibly intriguing. However, neither of these aspects played a role in my final project. Instead, I utilised software development in a different manner. Specifically, I incorporated a newly developed open source program into my project, which proved immensely valuable in generating a substantial amount of material. The most noteworthy outcome was stable diffusion, an AI image generator that can be installed on personal devices to produce a vast array of imagery, serving as a valuable source of inspiration.
While the design of the prompts, in my opinion, aligns with creativity, I still had to compute the correct sentence structure using relevant words and comprehend the software to generate the images pertinent to my project. Furthermore, the thousands of images I generated had to be meticulously analysed, annotated, and distilled into meaningful information for the purpose of my project. Hence, I believe that coding takes on various forms, and I thoroughly enjoy coding AI art prompts in particular.
Additional notes:
This portfolio was created with the help of ChatGPT and Grammarly. Both helped structure my words and remove the grammatical errors in a similar fashion as it has done so in my latest project. In the case of ChatGPT the following prompt was used to minimally correct my wording: βCan you review the following text to remove spelling and grammatical errors, where necessary can you correct the sentence structure to make it easier to read: [a section of text]β